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Chicago Style Guide


Creating a Note Using Shortened Form

When creating your notes, you should provide a complete citation the first time you use a source, and use a shortened form for subsequent notes. This only applies to footnotes or endnotes - in the bibliography you will create one citation for each source you used. Below are a few examples. You can find other examples for short form under the header "Subsequent Note" on the source pages on this guide.

Examples: Using Short Form

Ibid. is an abbreviation for ibidem, meaning "in the same place." Use Ibid. as shortened form when you have cited a source in the preceding note. Don't forget the period at the end.

First Note

1. Doug Fine, Farewell My Subaru: An Epic Adventure in Social Living (Villard, 2008), 45.

Next Note, Same Source, Same Page

2. Ibid.

Next Note, Same Source, Different Page

3. Ibid., 36.

 

Pay attention to the punctuation! Since Ibid. is an abbreviation, it needs both a period and a comma before the page number.

 

First Note

1. Doug Fine, Farewell My Subaru: An Epic Adventure in Social Living (Villard, 2008), 45.

Next Note, Same Source, Same Page

2. Ibid.

Several Notes Later

6. Fine, Farewell My Subaru, 46.

First Note

1. "Barack Obama on Budget & Economy," September 4, 2011, On the Issues, http://www.issues2000.org

Several Notes Later

4. "Barack Obama on Budget & Economy."